標準簡介
EN 71 是歐洲玩具安全協調標準系列，提供製造商用以證明符合歐盟玩具安全指令 2009/48/EC 的技術規範。該標準由 14 個部分組成，涵蓋機械和物理性能（EN 71-1）、可燃性（EN 71-2）、某些元素的遷移（EN 71-3）、化學實驗套裝（EN 71-4）、化學玩具（EN 71-5）、活動玩具（EN 71-8）、有機化合物（EN 71-9）等。按照 EN 71 製造的產品可推定符合玩具安全指令的基本安全要求，簡化了 CE 標誌流程。EN 71 適用於所有設計或預期供 14 歲以下兒童玩耍的產品。
EN 71 合規要求製造商按照標準的相關部分測試產品，特別注意窒息危險（3 歲以下兒童的小零件）、化學安全（19 種元素的遷移限值，包括鉛、鎘和鉻）和機械強度。EN 71-3 尤為關鍵，設定了玩具材料的嚴格遷移限值——這些限值在近期修訂中已大幅收緊。製造商必須準備技術文件、進行安全評估、簽發符合性聲明並加貼 CE 標誌。大多數玩具可在模組 A 下自我認證，但經過化學測試或包含電子元件的玩具可能需要額外的 EN 標準（EN 62115 用於電動玩具）。歐盟目前正在制定新的玩具安全法規以取代 2009 年指令，預計將引入更嚴格的化學要求以及數位玩具和人工智慧玩具的新規則。
Age-Specific Testing
Testing requirements vary by intended age group — toys for children under 36 months face the strictest mechanical and physical requirements due to mouthing behavior.
Chemical Migration Limits
EN 71-3 sets strict migration limits for 19 elements (including lead, cadmium, mercury, and chromium VI) from toy materials, tested by simulating contact with saliva and sweat.
Flammability Standards
EN 71-2 specifies flammability requirements — toys must not constitute a dangerous flammable element. Tests cover surface flash, proximity to flame, and burning rate.
list_alt EN 71 Parts
- EN 71-1: Mechanical and physical properties
- EN 71-2: Flammability
- EN 71-3: Migration of certain elements (19 elements)
- EN 71-4: Experimental sets for chemistry
- EN 71-5: Chemical toys other than experimental sets
- EN 71-7: Finger paints
- EN 71-8: Swings, slides, and similar activity toys
- EN 71-12: N-Nitrosamines and N-Nitrosatable substances
Who Needs to Comply?
Manufacturers, importers, and distributors placing toys on the EU/EEA market. Applies to all products designed or intended for use in play by children under 14 years of age.
Key Requirements
Safety Assessment
Conduct a safety assessment covering all hazards (mechanical, physical, chemical, electrical, flammability, hygiene, radioactivity). Consider reasonably foreseeable use including misuse by children.
EN 71 Testing
Test toys against all applicable parts of EN 71 at accredited laboratories. Tests include small parts (choking), sharp edges, tensile strength, chemical migration, and flammability. Age grading determines specific test requirements.
Technical Documentation
Compile a technical file including product description, safety assessment, test reports, materials list, conformity declaration, and CE marking details. Retain for 10 years after the toy is placed on the market.
Warnings and Labeling
Apply required warnings (age recommendations, specific hazard warnings) visibly on the toy, packaging, or instructions. Warnings must be in the official language(s) of the member state where the toy is sold.
Penalties & Enforcement
Non-compliant toys are subject to EU market withdrawal and recalls via the Safety Gate (RAPEX) system. Member state penalties include fines (e.g., up to GBP 20,000 and/or 12 months imprisonment in the UK). Repeat offenders face higher penalties.