标准简介
EN 71 是欧洲玩具安全协调标准系列，提供制造商用以证明符合欧盟玩具安全指令 2009/48/EC 的技术规范。该标准由 14 个部分组成，涵盖机械和物理性能（EN 71-1）、可燃性（EN 71-2）、某些元素的迁移（EN 71-3）、化学实验套装（EN 71-4）、化学玩具（EN 71-5）、活动玩具（EN 71-8）、有机化合物（EN 71-9）等。按照 EN 71 制造的产品可推定符合玩具安全指令的基本安全要求，简化了 CE 标志流程。EN 71 适用于所有设计或预期供 14 岁以下儿童玩耍的产品。
EN 71 合规要求制造商按照标准的相关部分测试产品，特别注意窒息危险（3 岁以下儿童的小零件）、化学安全（19 种元素的迁移限值，包括铅、镉和铬）和机械强度。EN 71-3 尤为关键，设定了玩具材料的严格迁移限值——这些限值在近期修订中已大幅收紧。制造商必须准备技术文件、进行安全评估、签发符合性声明并加贴 CE 标志。大多数玩具可在模块 A 下自我认证，但经过化学测试或包含电子组件的玩具可能需要额外的 EN 标准（EN 62115 用于电动玩具）。欧盟目前正在制定新的玩具安全法规以取代 2009 年指令，预计将引入更严格的化学要求以及数字玩具和人工智能玩具的新规则。
Age-Specific Testing
Testing requirements vary by intended age group — toys for children under 36 months face the strictest mechanical and physical requirements due to mouthing behavior.
Chemical Migration Limits
EN 71-3 sets strict migration limits for 19 elements (including lead, cadmium, mercury, and chromium VI) from toy materials, tested by simulating contact with saliva and sweat.
Flammability Standards
EN 71-2 specifies flammability requirements — toys must not constitute a dangerous flammable element. Tests cover surface flash, proximity to flame, and burning rate.
list_alt EN 71 Parts
- EN 71-1: Mechanical and physical properties
- EN 71-2: Flammability
- EN 71-3: Migration of certain elements (19 elements)
- EN 71-4: Experimental sets for chemistry
- EN 71-5: Chemical toys other than experimental sets
- EN 71-7: Finger paints
- EN 71-8: Swings, slides, and similar activity toys
- EN 71-12: N-Nitrosamines and N-Nitrosatable substances
Who Needs to Comply?
Manufacturers, importers, and distributors placing toys on the EU/EEA market. Applies to all products designed or intended for use in play by children under 14 years of age.
Key Requirements
Safety Assessment
Conduct a safety assessment covering all hazards (mechanical, physical, chemical, electrical, flammability, hygiene, radioactivity). Consider reasonably foreseeable use including misuse by children.
EN 71 Testing
Test toys against all applicable parts of EN 71 at accredited laboratories. Tests include small parts (choking), sharp edges, tensile strength, chemical migration, and flammability. Age grading determines specific test requirements.
Technical Documentation
Compile a technical file including product description, safety assessment, test reports, materials list, conformity declaration, and CE marking details. Retain for 10 years after the toy is placed on the market.
Warnings and Labeling
Apply required warnings (age recommendations, specific hazard warnings) visibly on the toy, packaging, or instructions. Warnings must be in the official language(s) of the member state where the toy is sold.
Penalties & Enforcement
Non-compliant toys are subject to EU market withdrawal and recalls via the Safety Gate (RAPEX) system. Member state penalties include fines (e.g., up to GBP 20,000 and/or 12 months imprisonment in the UK). Repeat offenders face higher penalties.