標準簡介
廢棄電氣電子設備（WEEE）指令是歐盟管理電氣電子廢棄物的收集、回收和再利用的主要法規。最初作為指令 2002/96/EC 通過，後以指令 2012/19/EU 進行重鑄，WEEE 指令實施了生產者延伸責任（EPR）原則，使製造商在財務和組織上對其產品的報廢管理負責。自 2018 年 8 月「開放範圍」條款生效以來，該指令涵蓋了幾乎所有類別的電氣電子設備，從大型家用電器和 IT 設備到照明、玩具和醫療器材。
WEEE 合規要求生產者在其銷售產品的每個歐盟成員國的國家 EPR 機構註冊，加入生產者責任組織（PRO）或合規計畫，報告投放市場的電氣電子設備數量，按市場份額比例資助 WEEE 的收集和回收，並在產品上標註打叉的帶輪垃圾桶標誌。收集目標逐步提高，當前目標為前三年投放市場的電氣電子設備平均重量的 65%。不合規可能導致銷售禁令、罰款和聲譽損害。對於跨境電商賣家，WEEE 義務適用於向終端消費者銷售產品的每個成員國，這使線上零售商的合規特別複雜。
Producer Responsibility
Manufacturers bear financial and organizational responsibility for the collection, treatment, recycling, and recovery of waste electrical and electronic equipment.
Collection Targets
EU member states must achieve a minimum collection rate of 65% of the average weight of EEE placed on the market in the three preceding years, or 85% of WEEE generated.
Open Scope Since 2018
Since August 2018, the directive covers virtually all electrical and electronic equipment organized into 6 broad categories, replacing the original 10 narrow categories.
list_alt Key Requirements
- Producer registration with national EPR authorities
- Financing collection and recycling schemes
- Collection targets (65% of EEE placed on market)
- Recovery and recycling rate targets by category
- Consumer right to free take-back of old equipment
- Marking products with crossed-out wheeled bin symbol
- Reporting annual quantities placed on market and collected
- Proper treatment at authorized WEEE facilities
Who Needs to Comply?
Producers (manufacturers, importers, and distributors) of electrical and electronic equipment sold in the EU. Applies to all EEE categories including IT, telecom, consumer electronics, lighting, tools, and toys with electrical functions.
Key Requirements
Producer Registration
Register with the national WEEE authority in each EU member state where you place EEE on the market. Provide company details, product categories, and quantities placed on the market.
Financing Collection & Recycling
Join or establish a compliance scheme to finance the collection, treatment, and recycling of WEEE. Costs are typically proportional to market share by product category.
Product Marking
Mark all EEE products with the crossed-out wheeled bin symbol (per EN 50419). Include the producer identification mark and a bar or line under the symbol indicating post-August 2005 production.
Reporting Obligations
Report annually on quantities of EEE placed on the market and WEEE collected, reused, recycled, recovered, and exported. Data feeds into national and EU-level WEEE statistics.
Penalties & Enforcement
Enforcement varies by member state. Non-registration carries fines (e.g., up to EUR 100,000 in Germany). Products without proper marking can be removed from the market. Companies may face additional penalties for failing to meet collection and reporting obligations.