標準簡介
ISO 26262:2018 是由 國際標準化組織 (ISO) 發布的現行有效標準，常用於汽車、電子產品、製造業等產業，並適用於全球等市場。
本頁整理了 ISO 26262:2018 的官方文件、目前狀態以及常見相關認證或評估機構，便於快速理解要求與落地路徑。
ASIL Classification
Defines Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASIL A through D) based on hazard analysis and risk assessment, with ASIL D requiring the most rigorous safety measures for the highest risk scenarios.
Hardware & Software Safety
Provides detailed requirements for both hardware and software development, including hardware architectural metrics, diagnostic coverage, and software verification at every ASIL level.
Full Safety Lifecycle
Covers the complete automotive safety lifecycle from concept through development, production, operation, service, and decommissioning of E/E systems in road vehicles.
list_alt Standard Parts Overview
- Vocabulary and management of functional safety (Parts 1-2)
- Concept phase — hazard analysis and risk assessment (Part 3)
- Product development at system level (Part 4)
- Product development at hardware and software levels (Parts 5-6)
- Production, operation, service, and decommissioning (Part 7)
- Supporting processes and ASIL-oriented analyses (Parts 8-9)
- Guidelines on ISO 26262 and semiconductor application (Parts 10-11)
- Adaptation for motorcycles (Part 12)
Who Needs to Comply?
Automotive OEMs, Tier 1/2/3 suppliers, semiconductor manufacturers, and software developers working on safety-related E/E systems in passenger cars, trucks, buses, trailers, and motorcycles (the 2018 edition expanded scope beyond passenger cars).
Key Requirements
Hazard Analysis & Risk Assessment (HARA)
Systematically identify vehicle-level hazards, classify them using ASIL levels (A-D) based on severity, exposure probability, and controllability, and define safety goals for each hazardous event.
Functional & Technical Safety Concepts
Derive functional safety requirements from safety goals and allocate them to system elements. Develop a technical safety concept with specific hardware and software safety requirements traceable to the functional safety concept.
Hardware Safety Metrics
Demonstrate compliance with hardware architectural metrics — single-point fault metric, latent fault metric, and probabilistic metric for random hardware failures (PMHF) — appropriate to the target ASIL level.
Software Development Process
Follow a structured software development process with ASIL-dependent requirements for design principles, coding guidelines, verification methods (reviews, analysis, testing), and documentation at each phase.
Confirmation Measures
Perform confirmation reviews, functional safety audits, and functional safety assessments by qualified personnel with appropriate independence levels based on the ASIL of the safety-related item.
Penalties & Enforcement
No direct regulatory penalties — ISO 26262 is a voluntary standard. However, it has become a de facto industry requirement. Failure to demonstrate functional safety compliance can lead to product liability exposure, exclusion from OEM supply chains, and rejection in type approval processes under UNECE regulations.