標準簡介
ISO 22000:2018 是由 國際標準化組織 (ISO) 發布的現行有效標準，常用於食品飲料、製造業、零售等產業，並適用於全球等市場。
本頁整理了 ISO 22000:2018 的官方文件、目前狀態以及常見相關認證或評估機構，便於快速理解要求與落地路徑。
Farm to Fork Coverage
Applicable to every organization in the food chain — from feed producers and farmers through manufacturers, transport, storage, and retail — as well as related organizations like packaging and equipment suppliers.
HACCP + ISO Integration
Combines the Codex Alimentarius HACCP principles with ISO management system structure (HLS), prerequisite programs (PRPs), and interactive communication across the food chain.
PDCA at Two Levels
Applies the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle at both the management system level (strategic) and the operational level (HACCP plan and PRPs), ensuring both organizational and food safety objectives are addressed.
list_alt Key FSMS Elements
- Interactive communication across the food chain
- System management aligned with ISO High Level Structure
- Prerequisite programs (PRPs)
- Hazard analysis with operational PRPs and HACCP plan
- Traceability system for products and materials
- Emergency preparedness and response
- Performance evaluation through internal audits and management review
- Continual improvement of the food safety management system
Who Needs to Comply?
Any organization in the food chain regardless of size or complexity — including food manufacturers, caterers, transport and storage operators, retailers, feed producers, primary producers, and related organizations such as equipment manufacturers and packaging material suppliers.
Key Requirements
Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points
Conduct a thorough hazard analysis identifying biological, chemical, physical, and allergenic hazards. Classify control measures into operational PRPs and the HACCP plan with validated critical limits.
Prerequisite Programs (PRPs)
Establish and maintain prerequisite programs appropriate to the organization's position in the food chain — covering hygiene, pest control, allergen management, water safety, waste management, and personnel practices.
Traceability System
Implement a traceability system that can identify incoming materials from suppliers and the initial distribution route of finished products — enabling targeted withdrawal or recall within a defined timeframe.
Verification & Validation
Validate that control measures and combinations of control measures are capable of achieving intended levels of hazard control. Verify through monitoring, internal audits, and analysis of verification activities.
Management of Nonconformities
Establish procedures for corrections, corrective actions, handling of potentially unsafe products, and withdrawals/recalls. Evaluate the cause of nonconformities and take action to prevent recurrence.
Penalties & Enforcement
ISO 22000 certification is voluntary. However, loss of certification can result in loss of business contracts and market access, as many retailers and food service companies require certification from their suppliers. Underlying food safety regulation violations carry separate legal penalties.