標準簡介
ISO 31000:2018 是由 國際標準化組織 (ISO) 發布的現行有效（指引，非認證標準）標準，常用於製造業、醫療健康、金融銀行、科技、服務業、政府、能源、建築等產業，並適用於全球等市場。
本頁整理了 ISO 31000:2018 的官方文件、目前狀態以及常見相關認證或評估機構，便於快速理解要求與落地路徑。
Universal Application
Applicable to any organization regardless of size, sector, or activity. Provides generic guidelines that can be customized to any type of risk — strategic, operational, financial, environmental, or compliance.
Integrated Framework
Built on three core pillars — principles, framework, and process — ensuring risk management is not a standalone activity but integrated into governance, strategy, planning, and decision-making at all levels.
Customizable & Scalable
Designed as a guidelines standard (not certifiable), giving organizations flexibility to adapt the framework and process to their specific context, risk appetite, and organizational culture.
list_alt Core Components
- Eight principles for effective risk management
- Leadership and commitment integration
- Framework design — integration, implementation, evaluation, improvement
- Risk identification across all organizational activities
- Risk analysis (qualitative, semi-quantitative, quantitative)
- Risk evaluation against criteria and risk appetite
- Risk treatment selection and implementation
- Communication, consultation, and continuous monitoring
誰需要合規？
Any organization seeking a structured approach to managing risk — from small businesses to multinational corporations, government agencies, and non-profits. Widely used as a foundation for sector-specific risk management frameworks.
關鍵要求
Principles of Risk Management
Adopt the eight principles: risk management creates and protects value, is an integral part of all organizational processes, is part of decision-making, explicitly addresses uncertainty, is systematic and structured, is based on the best available information, is tailored, and considers human and cultural factors.
Risk Management Framework
Design a framework that integrates risk management into the organization through leadership commitment, organizational design, resource allocation, and establishing communication and reporting mechanisms.
Risk Assessment Process
Implement a systematic process of risk identification (what can happen and why), risk analysis (likelihood and consequences), and risk evaluation (comparing against criteria to determine treatment priorities).
Risk Treatment
Select and implement risk treatment options — avoid, accept, modify likelihood, modify consequences, share, or retain risk. Develop treatment plans and monitor their effectiveness.
Monitoring & Continuous Improvement
Establish monitoring and review processes to ensure risk management remains relevant and effective. Continuously improve the framework and process based on organizational learning and changing context.
實施路線圖
定義風險管理範圍
識別 ISO 31000:2018 覆蓋的產品、服務、場所、系統、團隊、司法轄區和相關方。確認責任人、邊界、適用義務、文件和證據期望，範圍包括風險原則、治理框架、風險準則、內外部環境、評估、處置、溝通、協商、監視和評審。
評估差距並排列風險優先級
將當前實踐與預期的風險管理方法進行比較。審查風險偏好和準則、責任人、風險登記冊、評估方法、處置計劃、報告、升級和評審節奏，並按法律暴露、安全影響、客戶承諾、運營依賴以及審覈或市場準入準備度排列差距優先級。
實施控制和記錄
部署所需程序、技術控制、評審關口、培訓、供應商流程、報告路徑和運行記錄。維護風險政策、準則、登記冊、評估記錄、處置計劃、管理報告、評審紀要和改進行動作爲可追溯證據。
評審、審覈並改進
開展內部評審、管理報告、審覈、糾正措施和變更評估。當產品、服務、供應商、技術、法規、事件或相關方期望變化時刷新項目。
合規檢查清單
checklist 範圍與治理
checklist 控制與證據
checklist 監控與改進
處罰與執行
No penalties — ISO 31000 is a guidelines standard and is not certifiable. There are no regulatory requirements to comply with it. However, many regulations and industry standards reference ISO 31000 principles, and organizations using its framework often demonstrate better risk governance to regulators, investors, and stakeholders.
常見問題解答
誰需要 ISO 31000:2018？
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ISO 31000:2018 最適用於需要一致企業風險管理方法的組織。具體範圍取決於產品、服務、司法轄區、客戶承諾，以及組織是否需要認證、符合性證據、監管準備或內部治理。
ISO 31000:2018 是否可認證？
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ISO 31000 是指南性標準，通常不作爲可認證管理體系標準使用。
實施時應先關注什麼？
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先定義範圍和義務，再建立當前狀態差距評估。早期最重要的工作是確認責任、受影響資產或過程、風險準則、客戶或法律驅動因素，以及組織必須能夠提供的證據。
ISO 31000:2018 需要哪些證據？
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有用證據包括風險政策、準則、登記冊、評估記錄、處置計劃、管理報告、評審紀要和改進行動。證據應進行版本控制，能夠追溯到責任人，並關聯風險、義務、控制、決策和糾正措施。
項目應多久評審一次？
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應按計劃週期評審，並在產品、服務、供應商、運行環境、事件、客戶承諾或法規變化時評審。高風險領域應採用更頻繁的監控和管理報告。