標準簡介
ISO 22301:2019 是業務連續性管理系統（BCMS）的國際標準。它為組織規劃、應對和恢復破壞性事件提供了框架——無論是自然災害、網路攻擊、供應鏈中斷、大流行病還是其他意外事件。該標準規定了建立、實施、維護和持續改進 BCMS 的要求。
ISO 22301 要求組織進行業務影響分析（BIA）和風險評估，以識別關鍵業務功能和威脅。基於這些分析，組織制定業務連續性策略、計畫和程序，然後透過演練進行測試。該標準遵循 ISO 高階結構（HLS），能夠與 ISO 27001 和 ISO 9001 整合。全球超過 5,000 個組織持有 ISO 22301 認證，在金融服務、IT、醫療保健和政府部門中採用率較高。
Business Impact Analysis
Requires formal Business Impact Analysis (BIA) to identify critical activities, assess disruption impacts, and set recovery time objectives (RTO) and recovery point objectives (RPO).
Recovery Strategies
Organizations must select and implement continuity strategies proportionate to identified risks — covering people, facilities, technology, information, and supply chain.
Exercising & Testing
Continuity plans must be regularly exercised and tested through tabletop exercises, simulations, and full-scale drills to validate their effectiveness.
list_alt Core BCMS Elements
- Business Impact Analysis (BIA)
- Risk assessment for disruption scenarios
- Business continuity strategies and solutions
- Business continuity plans and procedures
- Exercise and testing program
- Incident response structure
- Communication plans (internal and external)
- Performance evaluation and continual improvement
Who Needs to Comply?
Organizations that need to ensure critical operations continue during disruptions — particularly financial services, healthcare, critical infrastructure, IT services, and government agencies.
Key Requirements
Business Impact Analysis
Analyze the impact of disruption to activities over time. Identify critical activities, maximum tolerable period of disruption (MTPD), recovery time objectives (RTO), and resource requirements.
Business Continuity Plans
Develop documented plans that include response procedures, roles and responsibilities, communication protocols, resource requirements, and recovery steps for prioritized activities.
Exercise Program
Conduct exercises at planned intervals to validate continuity plans. Exercises must be consistent with the scope of the BCMS and include post-exercise reports with identified improvements.
Incident Response
Establish an incident management structure with clear escalation criteria, communication procedures, and decision-making authority to respond effectively to disruptions.
Penalties & Enforcement
No direct legal penalties — ISO 22301 is voluntary. However, regulators in financial services (e.g., ECB, FCA, OCC) increasingly require business continuity frameworks aligned with ISO 22301. Non-certification may mean non-compliance with sector regulations.