標準簡介
IEC 61851:2017 是由 國際電工委員會 (IEC) 發布的現行有效標準，常用於汽車、能源、電子產品、製造業等產業，並適用於全球等市場。
本頁整理了 IEC 61851:2017 的官方文件、目前狀態以及常見相關認證或評估機構，便於快速理解要求與落地路徑。
Charging Modes 1-4
Defines four standardized charging modes — from basic AC household socket charging (Mode 1) through DC fast charging with external charger communication (Mode 4) — providing a common framework worldwide.
Safety Protection
Specifies comprehensive electrical safety requirements for EV supply equipment including over-current protection, ground fault detection, and control pilot signaling to prevent hazardous conditions.
Connector & Communication
Establishes requirements for EV couplers, connectors, and the control pilot (CP) communication protocol between the vehicle and charging station for safe and interoperable charging sessions.
list_alt Key Technical Areas
- Charging Mode 1 — AC basic (household socket, limited current)
- Charging Mode 2 — AC with in-cable control and protection device (IC-CPD)
- Charging Mode 3 — AC with dedicated EV supply equipment (EVSE)
- Charging Mode 4 — DC with external charger
- Control pilot (CP) signal specifications and states
- EV supply equipment electrical safety requirements
- Rated supply voltage up to 1000V AC / 1500V DC
- Environmental and mechanical requirements for charging equipment
Who Needs to Comply?
Manufacturers of EV supply equipment (EVSE / charging stations), EV manufacturers integrating on-board chargers, charging network operators, and electrical installation contractors. Required for CE marking in the EU and referenced by national electrical codes globally.
Key Requirements
Charging Mode Classification
EV supply equipment must be designed and tested according to its intended charging mode (1-4). Each mode has specific requirements for maximum current, voltage, control pilot signaling, and protection measures.
Electrical Safety & Protection
Implement over-current protection, residual current detection (Type B RCD for DC fault currents), protective earthing, and isolation monitoring. Ensure de-energization of connectors before they can be physically disconnected.
Control Pilot Communication
Implement the control pilot (CP) signaling protocol using a 1 kHz PWM signal to communicate between the EVSE and vehicle. Signal states control charging current limits, ventilation requirements, and connection status.
Environmental & Mechanical Requirements
EV supply equipment must meet specified IP ratings, operating temperature ranges, impact resistance, UV resistance (for outdoor units), and material flammability requirements appropriate to its intended installation environment.
Connector & Coupler Safety
EV couplers and connectors must meet requirements for mechanical strength, contact resistance, temperature rise, insertion/withdrawal forces, and locking mechanisms to prevent accidental disconnection during charging.
Penalties & Enforcement
No direct penalties from IEC. However, non-compliant charging equipment cannot obtain CE marking in the EU, UL listing in North America, or equivalent certifications in other markets. Non-compliant installations may violate national electrical codes, leading to fines, insurance voidance, and liability for electrical incidents.